Charles Lepani discusses the role of the central planning document Papua New Guinea Vision 2050 (Government of PNG, 2009), and the process for setting priorities when he was head of National Planning Office. He discusses the importance of key issues: subsistence sector production, relevance to tradition in business activities, co-operatives and community-based organisations, and decentralisation. He states that the Little Red Book predicted population growth requiring a Population Policy which attracted criticism from the Catholic church.